- 1. Cytoplasm:The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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- 2. Golgi body: a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
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- 3. Mitochondria: an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
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- 4. Cell Membrane: the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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- 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum: a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
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- 6. Nucleus: a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
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- 7. Ribosomes: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
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- 8. Lysosomes: an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
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- 9. Vacuole: a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
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- 10. Chloroplasts: (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
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- 11. Cell Wall: a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
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- 12. Chromosomes: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
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- 13. Nucleolus: a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
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